Automated analyzer

ABSTRACT

An automated analyzer maintains high processing capacity and dispensation accuracy even when items requiring dilution/pretreatment and general reaction measurement are mixed. A plurality of sample dispensing mechanisms are independently driven and each include a sample collection position, a sample nozzle for collecting the sample, and a washing tank for washing the sample nozzle. The sample dispensing mechanisms are configured to collect the sample from a plurality of sample collection positions and are operated independently to perform sample dispensation into reaction containers on a reaction disc. At least one of the sample dispensing mechanisms is provided for each of a sample requiring dilution/pretreatment and a sample that does not require dilution/pretreatment. The automated analyzer is provided with a control means for causing the respective mechanisms to be operated in a dedicated manner. The sample is dispensed such that no vacancy is created in the reaction containers.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an automated analyzer that performsquantitative or qualitative analysis of a component of blood, urine, andthe like, and particularly to an automated analyzer that handles wholeblood and blood cells as a sample.

BACKGROUND ART

An automated analyzer that performs quantitative or qualitative analysisof a specific component contained in a biological sample, such as bloodand urine, is indispensable for modern diagnosis due to its analysisresult reproducibility, processing speed, and the like. The items foranalysis by the automated analyzer are steadily increasing with theprogress in medical care. In recent years, there has been a growingdemand for an analyzer that can handle hemoglobin A1c analysis to dealwith the medical checkup for metabolic syndrome.

A hemoglobin A1c analysis involves analyzing a whole blood or blood cellsample, as opposed to general items for biochemical analysis. Becausethe whole blood or blood cell sample is hard to analyze as is,pretreatment, such as a hemolysis treatment (whereby red blood cells areruptured to cause internal components of the blood cells to be eluted),is normally performed. The sample that has been subjected to thehemolysis treatment is analyzed after the addition of a reagent, as inthe case of conventional serum samples.

Known methods for implementing the hemolysis treatment in the automatedanalyzer include a method whereby, as described in Patent Document 1,dispensation control is modified such that the pretreatment can beimplemented on a reaction disc, and a method whereby, as described inPatent Document 2, a pretreatment disc (dilute disc) dedicated forimplementing the pretreatment is provided.

PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS Patent Documents

Patent Document 1: JP Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 6-82460 (1994) A

Patent Document 2: JP Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 8-194004 (1996) A

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Problem to be Solved by the Invention

According to the method described in Patent Document 1, a single sampledispensing mechanism is configured to perform, in addition to adispensing operation for conducting an analysis by adding a reagent tothe sample, a dispensing operation for implementing the pretreatment byadding a diluting fluid or a pretreatment fluid to the sample prior toanalysis, and to then collect the diluted/pretreated sample from areaction container and re-dispense the sample into another reactioncontainer. Thus, an automated analyzer with the on-device automaticpretreatment function can be provided without an additional mechanism.However, while the sample dispensing mechanism is carrying out thesample dispensation for pretreatment, the sample dispensation foranalysis cannot be performed. As a result, the processing capacity ofthe apparatus is greatly decreased, particularly when the proportion ofanalysis items for which the pretreatment is implemented is high.

Further, a plurality of types of samples, such as serum, plasma, wholeblood, and blood cells, are dispensed by the single sample dispensingmechanism. These samples have different liquid properties. For example,viscosity (specific viscosity) widely varies depending on the type ofsample, such as 1.70 to 2.00 for serum, 1.72 to 2.03 for plasma, 4.40 to4.74 for whole blood, and 60 or more for blood cells. Thus, when theinternal diameter of the nozzle is decreased so as to dispense a minuteamount on the order of 1 μL, of serum with high reproducibility, suctionresistance is increased in the case of samples with high viscosity, suchas whole blood and blood cells. As a result, the settling time of thepressure in the suction pump is increased, which interferes with anaccurate and fast sample dispensation.

Conversely, when the nozzle internal diameter is increased so as toaccommodate the suctioning of samples with high viscosity, adisadvantage is caused that the dispensation reproducibility isdecreased in a dispensation range of minute amounts on the order of 1μL.

In addition, in a whole blood sample analysis, whole blood iscentrifuged to suction blood cells at the bottom of a sample container.Thus, in contrast to the collection of serum or plasma, the nozzle isdipped in the sample for a greater distance, so that case must beexercised with respect to the nozzle washing tank, nozzle shape, and thelike. Further, the dispensing operation needs to be modified from whencollecting serum or plasma, thus requiring complex control. It is alsonoted that the method according to Patent Document 2 involvestransferring the sample to a dilution table in advance so as todilute/pretreat the sample, and then analyzing the sample that has beendiluted/pretreated in a reaction container.

In the above method, the sample pretreatment is performed on thedilution table in advance. Thus, the sample dispensation from thedilution table to the reaction container can be dedicated for sampleanalysis. Whole blood and blood cells are also pretreated, so that theviscosity is decreased to the same order as the viscosity of serum.Thus, the viscosity does not interfere with sample dispensation.

However, the addition of the dilution table is associated with anincrease in the number of mechanisms, including a diluting containerwashing mechanism, a stirring mechanism, a diluting pipette for movingthe sample from the sample container to the dilution table, a samplesuction pump for suctioning the sample with the diluting pipette, and adiluting pipette nozzle washing tank. Thus, an increase in the level ofcomplexity of the mechanisms and an increase in the footprint of theapparatus provide a cause for concern.

Solution to the Problem

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention isconfigured as follows.

In an automated analyzer that includes a rotatable reaction disc with aplurality of reaction containers arranged in a ring shape, and ameasurement unit that measures a mixed liquid of a sample in a samplecontainer and a reagent, a plurality of sample dispensing mechanisms forsuctioning a predetermined amount of the sample and discharging apredetermined amount of the suctioned sample are selectively useddepending on the type or liquid property of the collected sample. Forexample, the sample dispensing mechanisms include at least one sampledispensing mechanism that collects a measurement sample such as serum,plasma, or pretreated whole blood, and at least one sample dispensingmechanism that collects a sample for which dilution/pretreatment isimplemented before measurement, such as whole blood or blood cells.

The former sample dispensing mechanism (dispensing nozzle) requires onecycle before the sample is suctioned and then discharged. The lattersample dispensing mechanism (dispensing nozzle) requires n times (n isan integer of two or more) the cycle before the sample is suctioned andthen discharged. The automated analyzer is further provided with acontrol unit that exerts control such that, with respect to a reactioncontainer into which the sample is discharged by the latter sampledispensing mechanism, the reaction container is not subjected to sampledispensation by the former sample dispensing mechanism.

The plurality of sample dispensing mechanisms independently include asample collection position, a sample nozzle for collecting the sample,and a washing tank for washing the sample nozzle, are independentlyoperated, and configured to perform sample dispensation with respect tothe reaction containers on the reaction disc.

The automated analyzer is further provided with a sample transportmechanism (transport unit) configured to supply the sample containers tothe respective sample collection positions independently. The transportmechanism (transport unit) transports the containers housing the samplethat is fed externally of the apparatus.

The sample dispensing mechanisms are generally provided with a nozzlewith the tip configured to be placed beneath the liquid level of thesample so as to suction/discharge a predetermined amount of the sample,and with a pressure varying mechanism, such as a syringe, for suctioningthe sample into the dipped nozzle by decreasing the pressure within thenozzle. Preferably, a nozzle position moving mechanism may be providedto move the nozzle position so as to enable suction/discharge even whenthe sample container for housing the sample to be suctioned and thereaction container into which the sample suctioned in the nozzle isdischarged are at different positions.

The nozzle position moving mechanism generally includes an armconfigured to execute an arc motion about a central axis, with thenozzle attached at the end of the arm. However, this is not alimitation. That a plurality of sample dispensing mechanisms is providedmay be paraphrased that there is a plurality of nozzles. For example,when there are four nozzles Nos. 1 to 4, at least two of the nozzlesNos. 1 and 2 are configured to collect only whole blood or blood cells,for which dilution/pretreatment is conducted, from the sample containersdisposed at different positions as the sample.

Preferably, when the plurality of sample dispensing mechanisms is used,the mechanisms are configured for X-Y operation, X-θ operation, orprovided with a θ-θ mechanism including two rotating axes, so that theoperations of the sample dispensing mechanisms do not interfere witheach other.

When the sample is suctioned from different positions, adjacent bloodcollection tubes or a plurality of blood collection tubes spaced apartfrom each other may be used.

The sample transport mechanism, in the sense that the mechanism can movethe sample container position, may be configured to transport a sampledisc with a plurality of sample containers circumferentially arrangedthereon, or a rack configured to mount one or a plurality of samplecontainers thereon.

The plurality of sample dispensing mechanisms is configured to beoperated independently, and their operation times may not be the same. Asample for measurement that has low viscosity and that does not requiremuch time for collection, such as serum, plasma, or pretreated wholeblood, is collected by one sample dispensing mechanism, while a samplethat requires time for collection, such as whole blood and blood cellsfor which dilution/pretreatment is conducted, is suctioned/discharged byanother, dedicated sample dispensing mechanism. Thus, sample dischargeis conducted in accordance with the vacancy status of the reactioncontainers on the reaction disc, without an overlap and without creatingvacancy in a cell.

The samples suctioned by the respective sample dispensing mechanisms maybe discharged into the reaction container at the same position on thereaction disc, or into the reaction containers at different positions onthe reaction disc.

Preferably, when the samples are discharged into the reaction containersat different positions on the reaction disc, the reaction containerstopped at a position at which the sample is discharged by one sampledispensing mechanism may be controlled to be stopped at a position atwhich the sample is discharged by the other sample dispensing mechanismin the next cycle or a plurality of cycles later.

Preferably, the sample nozzles of the plurality of sample dispensingmechanisms may have different configurations depending on the type orliquid property of the sample to be suctioned, such as by varying thenozzle internal diameter in accordance with the viscosity of the sampleto be collected.

Further preferably, the washing tanks of the plurality of sampledispensing mechanisms may have different configurations, and aconfiguration for varying the nozzle washing method in accordance withthe type of the sample collected by the sample nozzle, and a washingmechanism control means may be provided.

Effects of the Invention

According to the present invention, a decrease in processing capacitydue to a wasteful vacancy cycle in the automatic sampledilution/pretreatment step can be prevented.

Because the sample dispensing mechanisms are selectively used dependingon the type of sample collected, dispensation accuracy can be increasedand maintained regardless of the viscosity and the like of the samplecollected.

Further, the only additions to the configuration of the conventionalautomated analyzer are the sample dispensing mechanisms and associatedwashing tanks, syringe pumps, and the like. Thus, a high value-added andcompact automated analyzer with high per-time processing capacity can beprovided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an implementation example of anautomated analyzer to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a top view of the implementation example of the automatedanalyzer to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 3 illustrates positions at which reaction containers 2 are stoppedaccording to the present application and points at which aspectrophotometer 4 performs measurement according to an implementationexample.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a cycle chart according to the presentapplication (for analysis of only colorimetric analysis items that donot require pretreatment).

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a cycle chart according to conventionaltechnology (for analysis of only colorimetric analysis items that do notrequire pretreatment).

FIG. 6 illustrates an implementation example of selective use of thesample dispensing mechanisms depending on difference in samplecollection.

FIG. 7 illustrates an implementation example of a sample dispensingmechanism operation sequence depending on differences in samplecollection.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of the cycle chart according to thepresent application (for analysis of only HbA1c that requirespretreatment).

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of the cycle chart according toconventional technology (for analysis of only HbA1c that requirespretreatment).

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of the cycle chart according to thepresent application (where the colorimetric analysis items that do notrequire pretreatment and the HbA1c analysis that requires pretreatmentare mixed).

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of the cycle chart according toconventional technology (where the colorimetric analysis items that donot require pretreatment and the HbA1c analysis that requirespretreatment are mixed).

FIG. 12 is a top view of another implementation example of the automatedanalyzer to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of the cycle chart of FIG. 12 accordingto the present application (for analysis of only HbA1c that requirespretreatment).

FIG. 14 illustrates an implementation example of the selective use ofwashing tanks of the automated analyzer to which the present inventionis applied.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of another implementation example of theautomated analyzer to which the present invention is applied.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In the following, an embodiment of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams illustrating an implementationexample of the automated analyzer to which the present invention isapplied.

On a reaction disc 1, reaction containers 2 are arrangedcircumferentially. The reaction disc is controlled to be rotated by adrive mechanism, such as a motor, by a distance corresponding to apredetermined number of the reaction containers in one cycle. In areagent disc 9, a plurality of reagent bottles 10 can be mountedcircumferentially. In the vicinity of the reaction disc 1, a sampletransport mechanism 17 for moving a rack 16 on which sample containers15 are loaded is installed. The transport mechanism has the role oftransporting the containers housing samples fed from the outside of theapparatus. Between the reaction disc 1 and the reagent disc 9, reagentdispensing mechanisms 7 and 8 are installed. The reagent dispensingmechanisms 7 and 8 are equipped with reagent nozzles 7 a and 8 a,respectively. To the nozzles 7 a and 8 a, a reagent pump 18 isconnected. Between the reaction disc 1 and the sample transportmechanism 17, sample dispensing mechanisms 11 and 12 configured torotate and move up and down are installed. The sample dispensingmechanisms 11 and 12 are equipped with sample nozzles 11 a and 12 a,respectively. To the sample nozzles 11 a and 12 a, a sample pump 19 isconnected.

The sample nozzles 11 a and 12 a are moved along an arc about a rotatingaxis so as to perform sample dispensation from the sample containers toa reaction cell. On the trajectory of the sample nozzle 11 a, a samplesuction position 23 a over the sample transport mechanism, a sampledischarge position 22 a over the reaction disc, a sample collectionposition 23 c for a diluted/pretreated sample, and a washing tank 13 forwashing the sample nozzle are present. On the trajectory of the samplenozzle 12 a, a sample suction position 23 b over the sample transportmechanism, a sample discharge position 22 b over the reaction disc, anda washing tank 14 for washing the sample nozzle are present. The samplenozzles 11 a and 12 a are disposed such that the trajectories do notinterfere with each other. The transport mechanism is controlled by atransport control unit such that the sample container at the samplesuction position 23 a and the sample container at the sample suctionposition 23 b can be independently controlled and transported. Thesample transport mechanism 17 transports the rack 16 from left to rightin FIG. 1. The sample suction position 23 a is positioned upstream ofthe transport mechanism 17 with respect to the sample suction position23 b (see FIG. 2).

Around the reaction disc 1, a washing mechanism 3, a spectrophotometer4, stirring mechanisms 5 and 6, a reagent disc 9, and the sampletransport mechanism 17 are disposed. To the washing mechanism 3, awashing pump 20 is connected. Washing tanks 13, 14, 30, 31, 32, and 33are installed in the operation ranges of the reagent dispensingmechanisms 7 and 8, the sample dispensing mechanisms 11 and 12, and thestirring mechanisms 5 and 6, respectively. Each mechanism is connectedto a controller 21 (control unit). The controller 21 (control unit)controls the driving of rotation of the reaction disc, the driving ofthe sample nozzles, the operations for the suctioning and dischargingsamples, as well as various mechanisms such as the sample containertransport mechanism.

Next, a basic operation of the automated analyzer to which the presentinvention is applied will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

The automated analyzer according to the present implementation exampleincludes 29 reaction containers 2-1 to 2-29 in the reaction disc 1. Thereaction disc is repeatedly rotated by as many as six reactioncontainers in the counterclockwise direction and then stopped in onecycle. Thus, the reaction disc executes a complete revolution plus arotation by one reaction container in five cycles. By repeating theabove operation, the reaction container returns to the same position in29 cycles. Further, according to the present implementation example,sample collection for analysis items that do not requiredilution/pretreatment is performed by the sample dispensing mechanism11, while collection of a sample for which dilution/pretreatment isconducted prior to analysis is performed by the sample dispensingmechanism 12. The sample dispensing mechanism 11 and the sampledispensing mechanism 12 are provided with dedicated sample dischargepositions 22 a and 22 b, respectively. The sample discharge positionsare separated from each other by as many as six reaction containerscorresponding to one cycle of rotation of the reaction disc. Thus, thesample dispensing mechanism 12 can discharge a sample into the samereaction container one cycle earlier with respect to the sampledispensing mechanism 11.

FIG. 3 shows stop positions for the reaction containers 2 and points ofmeasurement by the spectrophotometer 4 in the 29 cycles, with cycle 0corresponding to the time at which the reaction container 2-1 is stoppedat the sample discharge position 22 b. The movement of the reactioncontainers 2 will be described with reference to the reaction container2-1 by way of example.

The reaction container 2-1 that has been at the sample dischargeposition 22 b in cycle 0 is stopped at the sample discharge position 22a in cycle 1. When a sample has been discharged into the reactioncontainer 2-1 by the sample dispensing mechanism 12 in cycle 0, thesample dispensing mechanism 11 discharges no sample into the reactioncontainer 2-1 in cycle 1. In cycle 2, the reaction container 2-1 isstopped at a first reagent discharge position 76. At this position, thereagent dispensing mechanism 7 adds a reagent R1 into a measurementsample that does not require dilution/pretreatment, or a dilutingfluid/pretreatment fluid into a sample for which dilution/pretreatmentis conducted. In cycle 3, the reaction container 2-1 is stopped at afirst stirring position 73 at which the sample in the reaction container2-1 in the form of a reaction liquid is stirred by the stirringmechanism 6. When the sample in the container 2-1 is a measurementsample that does not require dilution/pretreatment, the absorbance ofthe reaction liquid is measured each time the reaction liquid is passedin front of the spectrophotometer 4 from cycles 3 to 4 and from cycles 8to 9.

When the sample in the reaction container 2-1 is a sample for whichdilution/pretreatment is conducted, the diluted/pretreated sample iscollected by the sample dispensing mechanism 11 when the container isstopped at the sample suction position 23 c in cycle 6, and the sampleis re-dispensed into the reaction container 2-2 stopped at the sampledischarge position 22 a. Namely, the reaction disc 1 and the reagentdispensing mechanism 8 function as pretreatment units for conductingpretreatment with respect to a whole blood sample or a blood cellsample, and the sample for which pretreatment has been completed isdischarged into the reaction container at the sample discharge position22 a by the sample dispensing mechanism 11.

The diluted/pretreated sample that has been re-dispensed into thereaction container 2-2 is stopped at the first reagent dischargeposition 76 in cycle 7, at which the reagent R1 for analysis andmeasurement is added by the reagent dispensing mechanism 7, as in thecase of the sample that does not require dilution/pretreatmentmeasurement. (The description of the diluted/pretreated sample in thesubsequent stop positions will be omitted as it is similar to the caseof the sample that does not require dilution/pretreatment measurement.)

The reaction container 2-1 containing the measurement sample that doesnot require dilution/pretreatment is stopped at a second reagentdischarge position 75 in cycle 11, at which a reagent R2 is added by thereagent dispensing mechanism 8 into the reaction liquid. The reactioncontainer 2-1 is stopped at a second stirring position 74 in cycle 12,at which the reaction liquid is stirred by the stirring mechanism 5.From cycles 13 to 14 and from cycles 17 to 18, the reaction container2-1 is passed in front of the spectrophotometer 4 to measure theabsorbance of the reaction liquid.

In cycle 18, the reaction container 2-1 is stopped at a waste liquidsuction position 70 at which the washing mechanism 3 suctions thereaction liquid that has been measured and simultaneously adds a washingfluid. In the next cycle 19, the reaction container 2-1 is stopped at ablank water discharge position 71 at which the washing mechanism 3suctions the washing fluid and simultaneously discharges blank water forperforming blank measurement of the reaction container. From cycles 22to 23, the reaction container 2-1 is passed in front of thespectrophotometer 4 to measure the absorbance of the reaction liquid. Incycle 24, the reaction container 2-1 is stopped at a blank water suctionposition 72 at which the washing mechanism 3 suctions the blank water.The cleaned container is reutilized for analysis of a new specimen instep 29 (not shown).

Thus, the basic operation of the automated analyzer according to thepresent implementation example has been described. In the following, thedetails of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a cycle chart for analyzing only colorimetricanalysis items that do not require pretreatment in the automatedanalyzer to which the present invention is applied. The figure shows theanalysis cycle in the horizontal axis, with cycle 0 corresponding to thetime at which the reaction container 2-1 is stopped at the sampledischarge position 22 b. The vertical axis of the figure shows theoperation order, the specimens collected by each sample dispensingmechanism, the analysis items requested for the specimens, and thenumbers of the reaction containers used for analysis.

The analysis cycle will be described. The sample dispensing mechanism 12is dedicated for the collection of samples for pretreatment and is notoperated in the cycle chart for the present analysis. Thus, nothing isdispensed into the reaction container 2-1 in cycle 0. In cycle 1, thesample dispensing mechanism 11 discharges a sample S for AST analysis ofa specimen A into the reaction container 2-1. In cycle 2, simultaneouslywith the addition of the reagent R1 into the sample S in the reactioncontainer 2-1 by the reagent dispensing mechanism 7, the sample S forALT analysis of the specimen A is discharged into the reaction container2-7. In cycle 3, the sample S in the reaction container 2-1, which hasbeen rendered into a reaction liquid, is stirred by the stirringmechanism 6, while simultaneously the reagent R1 is added into thesample S in the reaction container 2-7, and the sample S for γGTPanalysis of the specimen A is discharged into the reaction container2-13. Then, from cycles 3 to 4 and from 8 to 9, the absorbance of thereaction liquid in the reaction container 2-1 is measured by thespectrophotometer 4. In cycles 11 to 12, the reagent R2 is added intothe reaction liquid in the reaction container 2-1 by the reagentdispensing mechanism 8, and the reaction liquid is stirred by thestirring mechanism 5. Between cycles 13 and 14 and 17 and 18, theabsorbance of the reaction liquid is measured by the spectrophotometer4. After the measurements for the analysis items are performed by theabove cycles, the reaction liquid in the reaction container 2-1 issuctioned up by the washing mechanism 3 in cycle 18, and washing wateris injected. The washing water is suctioned up by the washing mechanism3 in cycle 19, and blank water is added into the cleaned reactioncontainer 2-1. Between cycles 23 and 24, reaction container blankmeasurement of the reaction container 2-1 is performed by thespectrophotometer 4. In the next cycle 24, the blank water in thereaction container 2-1 is suctioned up by the washing mechanism 3, andthe cleaned reaction container 2-1 is reutilized for analysis of a newsample in cycle 30.

Meanwhile, FIG. 5 shows an example of the cycle chart for analyzing thesame analysis items as shown in FIG. 4 by a conventional automatedanalyzer, such as the one according to Patent Document 1. It is assumedthat the conventional automated analyzer does not include the sampledispensing mechanism 12 according to the present implementation example.When cycle 0 corresponds to the time when the reaction container 2-1 isstopped at the sample discharge position 22 b, as in FIG. 4, nothing isdispensed into the reaction container 2-1 at cycle 0. Obviously, thecycle chart as shown is similar to the analysis cycle chart of FIG. 4from cycle 1. Therefore, the description of the details of thesubsequent cycles will be omitted.

Thus, there is no difference in processing capacity between the presentapplication and the conventional automated analyzer in terms of analysisof only the colorimetric analysis items that do not requirepretreatment. However, in recent years, there have been items thatrequire sample pretreatment in addition to conventional colorimetricitems. One example is the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) analysis used for amedical checkup for metabolic syndrome. The HbA1c analysis involvesanalysis of a whole blood sample, in contrast to general biochemicalanalysis items. Because a whole blood sample is not easily analyzable asis, pretreatment is normally conducted, such as a hemolysis treatment(whereby red blood cells are ruptured to cause internal components ofthe blood cells to be eluted). Thereafter, a reagent is added to thesample that has been subjected to the hemolysis treatment, as in thecase of a normal serum sample, and an analysis is conducted. The presentpatent is effective when an analysis item that requires advance samplepretreatment, such as HbA1c, is implemented in an automated analyzerwith high processing capacity per unit time.

With reference to FIG. 6, an example will be described in which serumsuction is performed by the sample dispensing mechanism 11 for analyzinga general biochemical analysis item, and in which whole blood suction isperformed by the sample dispensing mechanism 12 for the HbA1c analysisin the automated analyzer according to the present application.

As shown, the sample dispensing mechanism 11 performs sample collectionfrom near the liquid level of serum for an analysis of a generalbiochemical item. On the other hand, the sample dispensing mechanism 12needs to collect red blood cells from a blood cell portion (at thebottom of the sample container 15) of a whole blood sample that has beencentrifuged for the HbA1c analysis.

FIG. 7 shows an example of an operation sequence of the automatedanalyzer equipped with the present invention for dispensing the samplesuctioned in FIG. 6 into the reaction containers 2 of the reaction disc1. The interval between T0 and T1, and the interval between T1 and T2each correspond to one cycle.

From time T0 to T1, the sample dispensing mechanism 11 is moved to thesample suction position 23 a and then moved to the sample dischargeposition 22 a after sample collection. After discharging the sample, thesample dispensing mechanism 11 is moved to the washing tank 13 so as towash the sample nozzle 11 a.

The sample dispensing mechanism 12 is moved to the sample suctionposition 23 b to perform sample collection. When the sample is thecentrifuged blood cells shown in FIG. 7, the viscosity is high, so thatit takes time before the pressure in the sample nozzle 25 is stabilizedafter suctioning.

After sample collection, the unwanted serum on the outer periphery ofthe sample nozzle 25 needs to be washed away in the washing tank 14.After the samples are collected by the sample dispensing mechanisms 11and 12 and as the sample dispensing mechanisms 11 and 12 begin to bemoved horizontally, the sample transport mechanism 17 moves the racks 16so as to transport new samples to the sample collection positions 23 aand 23 b (when a plurality of analysis items is not requested for thesame sample).

After the samples are discharged by the sample dispensing mechanism 11and as the sample dispensing mechanism 11 begins to be horizontallymoved, the reaction disc 1 moves the reaction containers 2.

From time T1 to T2, the sample dispensing mechanism 11 performs asimilar dispensing operation on a new sample.

The sample dispensing mechanism 12 is moved from the washing tank 14 tothe sample discharge position 22 b. After discharging the sample, thesample dispensing mechanism 12 is returned back to the washing tank 14to wash the sample nozzle 12 a.

Because the sample dispensing mechanism 12 has not yet suctioned thesample at the sample suction position 23 b, the sample transportmechanism 17 does not move the rack 16 at the sample collection position23 b. On the other hand, when no other item is requested for the sampleat the sample collection position 23 a, the rack 16 is moved and a newsample is supplied.

After the samples are discharged by the sample dispensing mechanisms 11and 12 and as the sample dispensing mechanisms 11 and 12 begin to behorizontally moved, the reaction disc 1 moves the reaction cell. While,in the present example, the sample dispensing mechanism 12 requirestwice as many cycles between sample suctioning and sample discharging,the number of times is not limited to two and may be n (n is an integerof two or more). It will be seen that, in the present example, withrespect to the reaction container into which no sample was discharged bythe sample nozzle 12 a but which was rotated (movement of the reactioncontainer in the interval between T0 and T1), a sample is discharged bythe sample nozzle 11 a (discharging of sample by the sample nozzle 11 ain the interval between T1 and T2). From T2 to T3, which is not shown,the present example is controlled such that no sample dispensation(sample discharge) is conducted because the sample container housing thesample discharged by the sample nozzle 12 a is at the sample dischargeposition 22 a.

As described above, the sample collection method greatly differs betweenthe serum and the blood cells of whole blood. Thus, independent controlis implemented from the supply of samples to the sample collectionpositions 23 a and 23 b of the sample transport mechanism 17 to thedispensing operations of the sample dispensing mechanism 11 and thesample dispensing mechanism 12. Accordingly, the respective sampledispensing mechanisms are operated in accordance with the vacancy statusof the reaction containers 2 in the reaction disc 1, whereby theprocessing capacity of the apparatus per unit time can be maximizedwithout creating a vacancy in the reaction containers 2.

As will be seen from FIG. 7, the step of collecting blood cells takesmore time than the blood collecting step for serum. In FIG. 7, theoperation time of the sample dispensing mechanism 12 is set to taketwice as long as the operation time of the sample dispensing mechanism11. In the conventional automated analyzer as described in PatentDocument 1, taking twice as long for the sample collection for HbA1cpretreatment as for the normal sample collection from a serum wouldcreate at least one vacancy in the reaction containers 2, which wouldcause a great decrease in processing capacity.

Further, if the operation time of the sample dispensing mechanism isdecreased in order to improve the processing capacity per unit time forthe serum sample that does not require dilution/pretreatment, in somecases twice as much time or more may have to be used for the samplecollection for HbA1c pretreatment as for serum dispensation. As aresult, the number of vacancies in the reaction containers 2 would beincreased that much more, causing a further decrease in processingcapacity.

In the following, a comparison of an implementation example in which theHbA1c analysis is conducted by the automated analyzer according to thepresent application and a case in which the HbA1c analysis is conductedby the conventional automated analyzer will be described.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example in which HbA1c measurement is implementedon 15 specimens A to O by the automated analyzer according to thepresent application. As described above, the sample collection forpretreatment is performed by the sample dispensing mechanism 12, and there-dispensation of the pretreated sample into the reaction container isperformed by the sample dispensing mechanism 11.

In cycle 0, the sample dispensing mechanism 12 discharges a sample S′for pretreatment collected from the specimen A in the previous cycle −1(not shown) into the reaction container 2-1. Then, in cycle 2, apretreatment fluid is added to the sample S′ in the reaction container2-1 by the reagent dispensing mechanism 7, while simultaneously thesample S′ for pretreatment collected by the sample dispensing mechanism12 from the specimen B in cycle 1 is discharged into the reactioncontainer 2-13. In cycle 3, the sample in the reaction container 2-1 towhich the pretreatment fluid has been added is stirred by the stirringmechanism 6.

In cycle 6, the reaction container 2-1 is stopped at the samplecollection position 23 c, at which the sample dispensing mechanism 11collects the pretreated sample from the reaction container 2-1 andre-dispenses the sample into the reaction container 2-2 stopped at thesample discharge position 22 a. To the re-dispensed pretreated sample ofthe specimen A, the reagents R1 and R2 are added, as in the case of thenormal sample analysis of the colorimetric items shown in FIG. 4, andthen absorbance measurement is conducted by the spectrophotometer 4.

By repeating the above operation, the sample dispensing mechanism 12continues dispensing of the pretreatment sample without interruptions.In the sixth cycle from the start of dispensing and in subsequentcycles, the sample dispensing mechanism 11 performs the re-dispensing ofthe pretreated sample every two cycles without interruptions. In 34cycles from the start of dispensation of the A specimen, there-dispensation of the O specimen is completed (the cycle chart for theoperation order 31 and subsequent orders of is omitted).

Namely, half of the reaction containers with the exception of severalreaction containers immediately after the start of sample pretreatmentare used for sample pretreatment, while the other half of the reactioncontainers are used for analysis of the pretreated samples. Thus, novacancy is created in the reaction containers.

FIG. 9 is an example of implementation of the HbA1c measurementconducted on the 15 specimens A to O by the conventional automatedanalyzer described in Patent Document 1, as in FIG. 8. It is assumedthat the conventional automated analyzer does not include the sampledispensing mechanism 12 according to the present implementation example,as in the case of the description of FIG. 5, and that the sampledispensing mechanism 11 collects the sample for HbA1c pretreatment,collects a pretreated sample from a reaction container 2, and alsore-dispenses the sample into another reaction container 2.

The sample dispensing mechanism 11 that has suctioned the sample S′ forHbA1c pretreatment from the specimen A stopped at the sample suctionposition 23 a in cycle 0 discharges the sample S′ into the reactioncontainer 2-1 stopped at the sample discharge position 22 a in cycle 1.In cycle 2, the reagent dispensing mechanism 7 adds the pretreatmentfluid into the sample S′ in the reaction container 2-1, whilesimultaneously the sample dispensing mechanism 11 suctions the samplefor HbA1c pretreatment from the specimen B. At this time, the reactioncontainer 2-7 stopped at the sample discharge position 22 a is not used.In cycle 3, the sample S′ in the reaction container 2-1 into which thepretreatment fluid has been added is stirred by the stirring mechanism6, while simultaneously the sample S′ for HbA1c pretreatment from thespecimen B is discharged into the reaction container 2-13. Then, incycle 6, the reaction container 2-1 is stopped at the sample suctionposition 23 c, and the sample dispensing mechanism 11 collects thepretreated sample S′ and discharges the sample into the reactioncontainer 2-2 stopped at the sample discharge position 22 a. In cycle 7,the reagent dispensing mechanism 7 adds the reagent R1 into thepretreated sample re-dispensed from the reaction container 2-1 into thereaction container 2-2. Thereafter, analysis and measurement areperformed until cycle 19. From cycles 23 to 29, washing and blankmeasurement are performed, and the container is reutilized for the nextanalysis in cycle 35 (not shown). In cycle 7, the sample dispensingmechanism 11 pauses because the sample dispensing mechanism 11 needs tocollect the diluted sample S′ placed in the reaction container 2-13 inthe next cycle 8, and cannot collect the sample for HbA1c pretreatmentwhich requires two cycles for suction and discharging. Thus, thereaction container 2-8 stopped at the sample discharge position 22 a isnot used. The reaction liquid in the reaction container 2-1 that hasbeen used for sample pretreatment is suctioned up by the washingmechanism 3 in cycle 18, and washing water is injected. In cycle 19, thewashing water is suctioned up by the washing mechanism 3, and blankwater is added into the cleaned reaction container 2-1. Between cycles23 and 24, reaction container blank measurement of the reactioncontainer 2-1 is performed by the spectrophotometer 4. In the next cycle24, the blank water in the reaction container 2-1 is suctioned up by thewashing mechanism 3, and the cleaned reaction container 2-1 isreutilized for the analysis of a new sample in cycle 30.

As described above, in the conventional automated analyzer as describedin Patent Document 1, when a plurality of cycles (such as two cycles inthe example of FIG. 9) is required for collecting the sample for HbA1cpretreatment, a vacancy is caused in the reaction containers 2 when, asin cycle 2, the sample dispensing mechanism 11 suctions the sample forHbA1c pretreatment, and when, as in cycle 7, the sample dispensingmechanism 11 cannot go to collect the sample for HbA1c pretreatmentbecause the sample dispensing mechanism 11 collects the pretreatedsample in the next cycle. As a result, 54 cycles are required from thestart of the dispensing for the A specimen to the end of there-dispensing for the O specimen. Thus, compared with the automatedanalyzer according to the present application illustrated in FIG. 8, thetime for additional 20 cycles is required to process the same number ofspecimens (the cycle chart for the operation order 30 and the subsequentorders is omitted).

FIG. 10 is an example of implementation of a mixed analysis of ninespecimens A to I by the automated analyzer according to the presentapplication for colorimetric analysis items that do not requirepretreatment and for HbA1c that requires pretreatment. As describedabove, the sample collection for pretreatment is performed by the sampledispensing mechanism 12, while the colorimetric analysis items that donot require pretreatment and the re-dispensing of the pretreated sampleinto the reaction container is performed by the sample dispensingmechanism 11.

When the time at which the reaction container 2-1 is stopped at thesample discharge position 22 b is cycle 0, there is no sample to becollected at the sample collection position 23 b in cycle 0. Thus,nothing is discharged into the reaction container 2-1. Then, in cycle 1,the sample dispensing mechanism 11 discharges the sample S of thespecimen A for AST analysis into the reaction container 2-1. Thedescription of cycle 2 and subsequent cycles is omitted as the analysisoperation for the reaction container 2-1 is the same as the cyclesdescribed with reference to FIG. 4.

From cycles 1 to 4, samples for AST, ALT, γGTP, and CHE from the Aspecimen are discharged. In cycle 5, the sample dispensing mechanism 11discharges the sample S of the specimen B for TG analysis into thereaction container 2-25.

From cycles 5 to 6, the sample transport mechanism 17 moves the samplecontainer 15 containing the specimen B from the sample suction position23 a to the sample suction position 23 b, while simultaneously movingthe specimen C to the sample suction position 23 a. In cycle 6, thesample dispensing mechanism 12 suctions the sample S′ of the B specimenfor HbA1c pretreatment, while simultaneously the sample dispensingmechanism 11 suctions the sample S of the C specimen for AST analysis,and discharges the sample into the reaction container 2-2. In cycle 7,the sample dispensing mechanism 12 discharges the sample S′ of the Bspecimen for HbA1c pretreatment into the reaction container 2-14, whilesimultaneously the sample dispensing mechanism 11 suctions the sample Sof the C specimen for ALT analysis and discharges the sample into thereaction container 2-8. In cycle 8, because there is no sample at thesample collection position 23 b, the sample dispensing mechanism 12 isnot operated. In the reaction container 2-14 stopped at the sampledispensation position 22 a, the sample S′ of the B specimen for HbA1cpretreatment that has been discharged in the previous cycle 7 is placed.Thus, the sample dispensing mechanism 11 pauses.

Next, from cycles 9 to 10, the sample dispensing mechanism 11 dischargessamples of the specimen C for γGTP and TG analyses into the respectivereaction containers. From cycles 10 to 11, the sample transportmechanism 17 moves the sample container 15 containing the specimen Cfrom the sample suction position 23 a to the sample suction position 23b, while simultaneously moving the specimen D to the sample suctionposition 23 a.

In cycle 11, the sample dispensing mechanism 11 suctions the sample S ofthe D specimen for AST analysis, and discharges the sample into thereaction container 2-3. Meanwhile, the sample dispensing mechanism 12pauses without suctioning a sample in cycle 11, although the C specimenfor HbA1c analysis is placed at the sample suction position 23 b. Thisis due to the fact that, even if the sample S′ of the C specimen forHbA1c pretreatment is suctioned in cycle 11, the sample S′ of the Cspecimen for HbA1c pretreatment cannot be discharged because thereaction container 2-15 that is stopped at the sample dispensationposition 22 b in the next cycle 12 is reserved for the re-dispensing ofthe pretreated sample of the specimen B by the sample dispensingmechanism 11 in cycle 13.

Form cycles 12 to 17, the sample dispensing mechanism 12 suctions anddischarges the sample S′ of the specimens C, E, and F for HbA1cpretreatment. On the other hand, the sample dispensing mechanism 11 isplanned in advance to re-dispense the pretreated sample of the specimenB in the reaction container 2-14 stopped at the sample suction position23 c into the reaction container 2-15 in cycle 13. In the other cycles12 and 14 to 17, the sample dispensing mechanism 11 performs adispensing operation by discharging the sample S of the specimen G so asto fill the reaction containers into which the sample dispensingmechanism 12 did not discharge. Thus, there is a priority order when asample is discharged into a certain reaction container. Because a samplecan be suctioned from a reaction container only when stopped at thesample suction position 23 c, the discharging of the sample is given thefirst priority.

The discharging of the sample from the sample suction position 23 b isgiven the second priority, and the discharging of the sample from thesample suction position 23 a is given the third priority. In this way,even when a vacancy is created in the reaction containers by the sampledispensing mechanism 12 requiring two cycles for sample suction anddischarge, the vacant reaction cell can be filled by the sampledispensing mechanism 11 that can perform sample suction and discharge inone cycle, as described above. Further, by giving priority to sampleanalysis on the downstream side of the sample transport mechanism 17 andto rack movement, the movement of the rack from upstream and samplecollection by the sample dispensing mechanism 11 can be prevented frombeing blocked. From cycles 12 to 17, at the sample suction position 23b, the samples are switched from C to E and then to F, while at thesample suction position 23 a, the specimen G remains. This is becausethe sample transport mechanism of the automated analyzer according tothe present application can supply the samples to the respective samplesuction positions independently.

Namely, the sample dispensing mechanisms 11 and 12 may have samples tosuction at the respective sample suction positions. Thus, in order toprevent mixing of the samples, it is preferable to determine thepriority order in advance, and the priority order described above ispreferable. According to the present implementation example, the examplehas been described in which suctioning and discharging are controlled bythe above priority order. In other words, scheduling as to in what cyclesample suctioning or sample discharging should be conducted is made onthe control unit side in view of the priority order. Thus, according tothe first priority, when there is a cycle in which a sample to which areagent has been added for pretreatment is suctioned from the reactioncontainer at the sample suction position 23 c and discharged at thesample discharge position 22 a; namely, when such a cycle is planned,control is exerted such that the reaction disc is rotated withoutperforming the sample discharge by the sample dispensing mechanism 12that would have been planned for the previous cycle. Further, accordingto the second priority, when the sample dispensing mechanism 12 hasdischarged a sample into a reaction container in a certain cycle, thereaction disc is rotated without discharging a sample into the samereaction container in the cycle in which the reaction container comes tothe sample discharge position 22 a for the sample dispensing mechanism11, and, in addition, a sample for pretreatment is added to the samecontainer in the next cycle. Further, according to the third priority aswell as the first and the second priorities, when no pretreated sampleis re-dispensed into the reaction container at the sample dischargeposition 22 a for the sample dispensing mechanism 11, or a sample forpretreatment is dispensed, a sample such as serum is dispensed. Byadopting such a priority order, vacancy in the reaction containers inwhich no sample is housed can be efficiently prevented.

Thus, as long as there is no interruption in the supply of samples tothe sample suction position 23 a and the sample suction position 23 b,the automated analyzer according to the present application can performsample pretreatment and analysis and measurement without creatingvacancy in the reaction containers 2.

In contrast, FIG. 11 illustrates an example of implementation of themixed analysis of the nine specimens A to I for colorimetric analysisitems that do not require pretreatment and for HbA1c requiringpretreatment, as in FIG. 10, by the conventional automated analyzer asdescribed in Patent Document 1.

Detailed description of the analysis operation will be omitted as it isa combination of the above descriptions made with reference to FIGS. 5and 9. In cycle 6, the sample S′ of the specimen B for HbA1cpretreatment is suctioned, so that the reaction container 2-2 becomesvacant. Also in cycle 18, while the sample at the sample collectionposition is the sample of the specimen F for HbA1c pretreatment, thepretreated sample S′ of the specimen C needs to be re-dispensed in cycle19. Thus, the reaction container 2-2 is vacant (the cycle chart for theoperation order 30 and the subsequent orders is omitted). It is seenthat, as a result of such vacancy in the reaction containers 2, theconventional automated analyzer according to Patent Document 1 requires34 cycles to perform the same dispensing operation that the presentapplication requires 29 cycles to perform, thus requiring 5 more cyclesand indicating a decrease in processing capacity.

In a selective use of the sample dispensing mechanisms different fromthe above implementation example, the present application may also adopta configuration in which the sample suction position 23 d forre-dispensing a diluted/pretreated sample is disposed on the trajectoryof the sample nozzle 12 a of the sample dispensing mechanism 12, asshown in FIG. 12, and in which the items for which nodilution/pretreatment is performed are handled by the sample dispensingmechanism 11 while the items for which dilution/pretreatment isconducted, such as HbA1c, are handled by the sample dispensing mechanism12. However, in this configuration, as shown in the cycle chart of FIG.13, the reaction container 2-7 becomes vacant in cycle 1 due to samplesuction, or the reaction container 2-8 becomes vacant in cycle 6 inorder to wait for a sample for re-dispensation. As a result, theimplementation example of FIG. 12 or 13 requires 54 cycles to performthe dispensing operation that the implementation example of FIG. 2 or 8takes 29 cycles, thus causing a significant decrease in processingcapacity. Accordingly, in order to increase the processing capacity perunit time, the selective use of the sample nozzles shown in FIG. 2 ispreferable.

Further, as in the example of FIG. 6, according to the presentapplication, the nozzle outer shape or the nozzle internal diameter maybe optimized for the selective use of the sample nozzles 24 and 25between the collection of serum near the liquid level of the sample andthe collection of blood cells at the bottom of the sample container 15.For example, the rigidity of the sample nozzle 11 a for dispensing serumwith relatively low viscosity at high speed is increased, and theinternal diameter of the nozzle is decreased so as to enable highlyaccurate and stable sample dispensation. Conversely, the sample nozzle12 a for dispensing whole blood or blood cells with relatively highviscosity is shaped without protrusions and the like at distances dippedin the sample so as to facilitate washing, and the internal diameter atthe tip is increased compared with the sample nozzle 11 a. In this way,the suction resistance and the nozzle internal pressure settling timeare decreased, whereby the cycle time of the sample dispensing mechanism12 can be decreased. Accordingly, the internal diameter of the samplenozzle 11 a is preferably smaller than the internal diameter of thesample nozzle 12 a, and the sample nozzle 11 a is preferably controlledso as to decrease the amount by which the nozzle is immersion into thesample.

According to the present application, each sample dispensing mechanismis provided with a washing tank. Thus, as shown in the example of FIG.14, the configuration of the washing tanks 28 and 29 may be modified toselect an optimum shape in accordance with the liquid property of thesample handled by the respective sample nozzles 24 and 25, or the amountof immersion of the nozzles into the sample. In the implementationexample of FIG. 14, compared with the washing tank 28 for the sampledispensing mechanism 11 with the sample nozzle 24 with a shorter dipdistance (less amount of immersion) with respect to the sample, thewashing tank 29 for the sample dispensing mechanism 12 with the samplenozzle 25 with a longer dip distance with respect to the sample isstructured such that a long wash distance can be taken. Thus, carry-overis decreased by washing optimization and the wash time is decreased,whereby the cycle time can be decreased. The washing tank 28, as shown,is provided with a washing nozzle configured to eject washing water forwashing the outer walls of the sample nozzle 24. The washing tank 29, asshown, is provided with a washing nozzle configured to eject washingwater for washing the outer walls of the sample nozzle 25. According tothe present application, the amount of immersion of the sample nozzle 25into the sample is greater than the amount of immersion of the samplenozzle 24. Thus, the area washed by the washing nozzle of the washingtank 29 is greater than the area washed by the washing nozzle of thewashing tank 28.

FIG. 15 illustrates another implementation example of the automatedanalyzer to which the present invention is applied. One sampledispensing mechanism 34 is provided with a θ-θ mechanism, and the othersample dispensing mechanism 35 is provided with an X-θ mechanism. Thesample dispensing mechanisms are configured such that their operationsare not interfered by each other. Depending on the arrangement, eitheror both of the mechanisms may be combined with a θ rotation mechanism oran X-Y mechanism. When a plurality of sample transport mechanisms 36 and37 (the number is not limited to two) are provided as the sampletransport means, the samples can be supplied to the sample suctionpositions 23 a and 23 b independently and more freely.

In the automated analyzer to which the present invention is applied asshown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the sample dispensing mechanism 11 and thesample dispensing mechanism 12 are provided with the dedicated sampledischarge positions 22 a and 22 b, respectively, and the sampledischarge positions are separated from each other by as many as sixreaction containers corresponding to one cycle of rotation of thereaction disc. The sample dispensing mechanism 12 can discharge a sampleinto the same reaction container one cycle earlier with respect to thesample dispensing mechanism 11. When it is planned for the sample nozzle12 a of the sample dispensing mechanism 12 to discharge a sample intothe reaction container (such as the reaction container 2-7 in FIG. 2)stopped at the sample discharge position 22 b, abnormality such asclogging of the nozzle may develop during sample collection, and thesample discharge into the reaction container 2-7 may be cancelled. Inthis case, information about the abnormality in the sample dispensingmechanism 12 and the cancelling of sample discharge into the reactioncontainer 2-7 is fed back to the sample dispensing mechanism 1. In thenext cycle, the reaction disc 1 is rotated in the counterclockwisedirection by as much as six reaction containers, and the reactioncontainer 2-7 is moved to the sample discharge position 22 a. At thistime, the sample dispensing mechanism 1 is fed back with the informationabout the abnormality in the sample dispensing mechanism 12 and thecancelling of sample discharge into the reaction container 2-7 at leastone cycle before the reaction container 2-7 is moved to the sampledischarge position 22 a. Thus, when the reaction container 2-7 is movedto the sample discharge position 22 a and stopped there, the sampledispensing mechanism 1 is controlled to collect the sample from thesample container 15 at the sample suction position 23 a and dischargethe sample into the reaction container 2-7 stopped at the sampledischarge position 22 a, so that no vacancy is created in the reactioncontainers. In this way, the sample dispensing mechanism 11 and thesample dispensing mechanism 12 are provided with the dedicated thesample discharge positions 22 a and 22 b, respectively, and the sampledischarge positions are separated from each other by as many as sixreaction containers corresponding to one cycle of rotation of thereaction disc, so that by feeding the information about the abnormalityin the sample dispensing mechanism 12 back to the sample dispensingmechanism 11, sample dispensation can be continued without creatingvacancy in the reaction containers.

Thus, when the sample dispensing mechanism 12 is planned to discharge asample into which a reagent is added for pretreatment into a reactioncontainer in a certain cycle, and when abnormality is detected in thesample dispensing mechanism 12 in the previous cycle, the sampledispensing mechanism 11, based on the detection of abnormality, candischarge a sample such as serum into the reaction container into whichthe sample requiring reagent addition for pretreatment was planned to bedischarged, in the interval between the cycle planned for reagentaddition and the abnormality-detected cycle. For example, in the case ofclogging abnormality, the sample dispensing mechanism 12 is providedwith a clogging detection mechanism such as a pressure sensor, andinformation about detection of clogging is transmitted to the controlunit so as to control the sample dispensation and discharging by thesample dispensing mechanism 11.

According to the present implementation example, the sample dispensingmechanism 11 and the sample dispensing mechanism 12 are provided withthe dedicated sample discharge positions 22 a and 22 b, respectively,and the sample discharge positions are separated from each other by asmany as six reaction containers corresponding to one cycle of rotationof the reaction disc. However, the present invention is not limited tothe separation by as many reaction containers as corresponding to onecycle of rotation. Preferably, at least the reaction container at thesample discharge position 22 b may reach the sample discharge position22 a within three cycles. Preferably, the sample discharge positions maybe separated from each other by as many reaction containers ascorresponding to the distance that can be travelled in one cycle ofrotation, as according to the present implementation example. This isdue to the fact that, as the number of cycles increases, the addition ofthe reagent for pretreatment into the sample requiring pretreatment isdelayed, resulting in an increase in the time before a measurementresult is obtained after sample discharge.

According to the present implementation example, the sample dischargeposition 22 a and the sample suction position 23 c are adjacent to eachother. However, this is not a limitation, and the sample dischargeposition 22 a and the sample suction position 23 c may be separated fromeach other by several reaction containers. Because the relationship ofthese positions depends on the time required for pretreatment or thesize of the reaction disc, the separation of several reaction containersmay be provided so as to provide a longer pretreatment time.

Preferably, the sample dispensing mechanism 11 (dispensing nozzle 11 a)and the sample dispensing mechanism 12 (dispensing nozzle 12 a) may bedisposed between the reaction disc and the transport mechanism 17. Whena plurality of sample dispensing mechanisms are concentrated in thevacant space, the size of the apparatus can be decreased. Further, thedistance of rotation drive of the sample dispensing mechanisms can bedecreased, and the distance of movement of the rack 16 can be decreased,whereby throughput can be increased. Preferably, the sample dispensingmechanism 12 may be disposed upstream of the sample dispensing mechanism11 with respect to the direction of transport of the rack. This is dueto the fact that, because the discharge operation by the sampledispensing mechanism 12 is given higher priority than the sampledispensing mechanism 11 according to the above-described priority order,the likelihood of the rack mounting the container to be suctioned beinghalted at the sample suction position for the sample dispensingmechanism 12 is low, so that the failure to transport a new rack for thesample dispensing mechanism 11 due to congestion of the racks can beprevented.

As described above, according to the present invention, a plurality ofsample dispensing mechanisms optimized for the type or liquid propertyof the samples in the sample containers to be collected, such as serum,plasma, whole blood, blood cells, and urine, is provided. The sampledispensing mechanisms are each provided with a sample collectionposition, a sample nozzle for collecting the sample, and a washing tankfor washing the sample nozzle, and are independently operated todispense the samples into the reaction containers on the reaction disc.The sample transport mechanism is configured to supply the samplecontainers to the respective sample collection position independently,whereby a decrease in processing capacity due to a wasteful vacancycycle in the automatic sample dilution/pretreatment step can beprevented. With respect to the reaction container into which a samplehas been discharged by one sample dispensing mechanism, the other sampledispensing mechanism is controlled to perform no sample dispensation,whereby the mixing of samples does not occur. Further, it takes n (n isan integer of 2 or more) cycles before a sample is suctioned by a samplenozzle used for automatic dilution/pretreatment and then discharged. Thesample nozzle used for serum and the like discharges a sample into thereaction container into which the sample nozzle for automaticdilution/pretreatment did not discharge a sample and for which thereaction disc was rotated in the n cycles. Thus, a decrease inprocessing capacity due to a wasteful vacancy cycle can be prevented.

The sample dispensing mechanisms are selectively used depending on thetype of the sample to be collected, so that the dispensation accuracycan be increased and maintained regardless of the viscosity and the likeof the sample collected.

The only additions to the configuration of the conventional automatedanalyzer are the sample dispensing mechanisms and the associated washingtanks, syringe pumps, and the like. Thus, a compact and high value-addedautomated analyzer with high processing capacity per time can beprovided.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

-   1 reaction disc-   2 reaction container-   3 washing mechanism-   4 spectrophotometer-   5, 6 stirring mechanism-   7 reagent dispensing mechanism-   7 a, 8 a reagent nozzle-   8 reagent dispensing mechanism-   9 reagent disc-   10 reagent bottle-   11 sample dispensing mechanism-   11 a, 12 a, 24, 25 sample nozzle-   12 sample dispensing mechanism-   13, 14 washing tank-   17 sample container-   16 rack-   17 sample transport mechanism-   18 reagent pump-   19 sample pump-   20 washing pump-   21 controller-   22 a, 22 b sample discharge position-   23 a, 23 b, 23 c, 23 d sample suction position-   26 serum-   27 blood cell-   30, 31, 32, 33 washing tank-   34 sample dispensing mechanism (θ-θ mechanism)-   35 sample dispensing mechanism (X-θ mechanism)-   36 sample transport mechanism 1-   37 sample transport mechanism 2

The invention claimed is:
 1. An automated analyzer comprising: aspectrophotometer configured to measure a reaction in a reactioncontainer of a plurality of reaction containers; a reaction disc holdingthe plurality of reaction containers on a circumference thereof; a discrotation mechanism configured to rotate the reaction disc acircumferential distance corresponding to a predetermined number of thereaction containers in one cycle, wherein the predetermined number ofreaction container move from a point along the circumference of the discin the one cycle; a first rack containing a plurality of firstcontainers, each of the plurality of first containers contain onesample, wherein a sample is a serum sample or a pretreated whole bloodsample; a second rack containing a plurality of second containers, eachof the plurality of second containers contain one of whole blood sampleor blood cell sample; a first dispensing nozzle configured to rotatearound a first axis and suction a sample from a first sample containerof a plurality of sample containers at a first suction position, whichis on a path of rotation of the first dispensing nozzle, and dischargethe sample into a reaction container of the plurality of reactioncontainers at a first discharge position of the reaction disc; a seconddispensing nozzle configured to rotate around a second axis and suctiona whole blood sample or a blood cell sample from a second samplecontainer of the plurality of sample containers at a second suctionposition, which is on a path of rotation of the second dispensingnozzle, and discharge the whole blood sample or the blood cell sampleinto a reaction container of the plurality of reaction containers at asecond discharge position of the reaction disc; a transport unitconfigured to transport the first rack to the first suction position atwhich the first dispensing nozzle suctions the sample and transport thesecond rack to the second suction position, which is different from thefirst suction position, at which the second dispensing nozzle suctionswhole blood sample or the blood cell sample; and a pretreatment fluiddispenser configured to dispense a pretreatment fluid; a control unitconnected to the disc rotation mechanism, the first dispensing nozzle,the pretreatment fluid dispenser, and the second dispensing nozzle,wherein the control unit is programmed to: control the transport unit totransport the first sample container in the first rack to the firstsuction position and transport the second sample container in the secondrack to the second suction position, wherein the first and second racksare transported independently of each other; control the firstdispensing nozzle to suction the sample from the first sample containerand discharge the suctioned sample into a reaction container that doesnot have the whole blood sample or the blood cell sample within onecycle, control the second dispensing nozzle to suction and discharge thewhole blood sample or the blood cell sample within n times the one cycle(n is an integer of two or more), control the pretreatment fluiddispenser to dispense the pretreatment fluid into the reaction containerhaving the whole blood sample or the blood cell sample at a pretreatmentposition of the reaction disc, and control the first dispensing nozzleto suction the whole blood sample or the blood cell sample from thereaction container having the whole blood sample or the blood cellsample at a third suction position of the reaction disc and dischargethe suctioned whole blood sample or the blood cell sample into areaction container of the plurality of reaction containers at the firstdischarge position of the reaction disc.
 2. The automated analyzeraccording to claim 1, wherein the first suction position is upstream ofthe second suction position with respect to the transport unit.
 3. Theautomated analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the first dispensingnozzle has a smaller internal diameter than an internal diameter of thesecond dispensing nozzle.
 4. The automated analyzer according to claim3, further comprising: a first washing nozzle configured to wash anouter wall of the first dispensing nozzle; and a second washing nozzleconfigured to wash an outer wall of the second dispensing nozzle,wherein an area washed by the second washing nozzle is greater than anarea washed by the first washing nozzle.
 5. The automated analyzeraccording to claim 1, wherein the first discharge position and thesecond discharge position of the reaction disc are separated from eachother by the predetermined number of the reaction containers the discrotates in one cycle.